F
Fluorine is the most electronegative and reactive of all elements.
Physical Properties
| الكتلة الذرية | 18.998 u |
| الكثافة | 0.001696 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 53.53 K |
| نقطة الغليان | 85.03 K |
| المظهر | Pale yellow gas |
| State at Room Temp | Gas |
الخواص الكيميائية
| السالبية الكهربائية | 3.98 (Pauling) |
| طاقة التأين الأولى | 1681.0 kJ/mol |
| القرب الإلكتروني | 328.0 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation States | -1 |
الخصائص الذرية
| تشكيل الإلكترون | [He] 2s2 2p5 |
| نصف قطر الذرة | 42.0 pm |
| نصف قطر التكافؤ | 57.0 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 147.0 pm |
اكتشاف
| اكتشفها | Andre-Marie Ampere, Henri Moissan |
| سنة الاكتشاف | 1886 |
| الموقع | Paris, France |
| Named After | Latin 'fluere' meaning to flow (from fluorspar used as a flux) |
عن Fluorine
Fluorine is a pale yellow, extremely corrosive and toxic diatomic gas. It is the most electronegative element and the strongest oxidizing agent. Fluorine reacts with virtually all substances. Many scientists were injured or killed trying to isolate it before Moissan succeeded in 1886.
Uses & Applications
Toothpaste (fluoride), Teflon (PTFE), refrigerants, uranium enrichment (UF6), pharmaceuticals, and etching glass.
حقيقة مضحكة
Fluorine is so reactive it can even cause water to catch fire and was responsible for several chemist fatalities before it was finally isolated.
النظائر
| Mass Number | الوفرة | نصف العمر | Stable |
| 19 | 1.0% | - | Yes |
تشكيل الإلكترون
[He] 2s2 2p5