O
Oxygen is the third most abundant element in the universe and essential for respiration in most life forms.
Physical Properties
| الكتلة الذرية | 15.999 u |
| الكثافة | 0.001429 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 54.36 K |
| نقطة الغليان | 90.2 K |
| المظهر | Colorless gas, pale blue liquid |
| State at Room Temp | Gas |
الخواص الكيميائية
| السالبية الكهربائية | 3.44 (Pauling) |
| طاقة التأين الأولى | 1313.9 kJ/mol |
| القرب الإلكتروني | 140.98 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation States | -2, -1, +1, +2 |
الخصائص الذرية
| تشكيل الإلكترون | [He] 2s2 2p4 |
| نصف قطر الذرة | 48.0 pm |
| نصف قطر التكافؤ | 66.0 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 152.0 pm |
اكتشاف
| اكتشفها | Carl Wilhelm Scheele |
| سنة الاكتشاف | 1771 |
| الموقع | Uppsala, Sweden |
| Named After | Greek 'oxy genes' meaning acid-forming |
عن Oxygen
Oxygen is a highly reactive nonmetal and the most abundant element in Earth's crust. It readily forms oxides with most elements. Oxygen is essential for cellular respiration and combustion. The ozone layer protects life on Earth from ultraviolet radiation.
Uses & Applications
Steelmaking, medical breathing gas, welding and cutting, water treatment, rocket propellant, and chemical manufacturing.
حقيقة مضحكة
Oxygen is paramagnetic -- liquid oxygen is pale blue and can be suspended between the poles of a strong magnet.
النظائر
| Mass Number | الوفرة | نصف العمر | Stable |
| 16 | 0.99757% | - | Yes |
| 17 | 0.00038% | - | Yes |
| 18 | 0.00205% | - | Yes |
تشكيل الإلكترون
[He] 2s2 2p4