F
Fluorine is the most electronegative and reactive of all elements.
Physical Properties
| Atomic Mass | 18.998 u |
| Density | 0.001696 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 53.53 K |
| Boiling Point | 85.03 K |
| Appearance | Pale yellow gas |
| State at Room Temp | Gas |
Chemical Properties
| Electronegativity | 3.98 (Pauling) |
| 1st Ionization Energy | 1681.0 kJ/mol |
| Electron Affinity | 328.0 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation States | -1 |
Atomic Properties
| Electron Configuration | [He] 2s2 2p5 |
| Atomic Radius | 42.0 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 57.0 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 147.0 pm |
Discovery
| Discovered By | Andre-Marie Ampere, Henri Moissan |
| Discovery Year | 1886 |
| Location | Paris, France |
| Named After | Latin 'fluere' meaning to flow (from fluorspar used as a flux) |
About Fluorine
Fluorine is a pale yellow, extremely corrosive and toxic diatomic gas. It is the most electronegative element and the strongest oxidizing agent. Fluorine reacts with virtually all substances. Many scientists were injured or killed trying to isolate it before Moissan succeeded in 1886.
Uses & Applications
Toothpaste (fluoride), Teflon (PTFE), refrigerants, uranium enrichment (UF6), pharmaceuticals, and etching glass.
Fun Fact
Fluorine is so reactive it can even cause water to catch fire and was responsible for several chemist fatalities before it was finally isolated.
Isotopes
| Mass Number | Abundance | Half-Life | Stable |
| 19 | 1.0% | - | Yes |
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2 2p5