F
I-fluorine
Ingxenye 9 · 18.998 u
I-fluorine iyi-electronegative enamandla kakhulu futhi isebenza kahle kunazo zonke izinto.
Izici Zobuchopho
| I-Atom Mass | 18.998 u |
| Ubukhulu | 0.001696 g/cm³ |
| Izinga lokuncibilika | 53.53 K |
| Izinga lokubopha | 85.03 K |
| Ukubonakala | Igesi elimnyama elimnyama |
| Isimo ku-Room Temp | Igesi |
Izici ze-chemical
| Electronegativity | 3.98 (I-Pauling) |
| I-Ionization Energy | 1681.0 kJ/mol |
| I-electron affinity | 328.0 kJ/mol |
| I-Oxidation States | -1 |
Izici ze-Atom
| I-electron | [He] 2s2 2p5 |
| I-Atom Radius | 42.0 pm |
| I-Covalent Radius | 57.0 pm |
| I-Van der Waals Radius | 147.0 pm |
Ukuqapha
| Itholakele ngu | Andre-Marie Ampere, Henri Moissan |
| Unyaka wokuqamba | 1886 |
| Indawo | i-Paris, i-France |
| Ibizwa nge | IsiLatini 'fluere' isho ukudlula (kusuka ku-fluorspar esetshenziswa njenge-flux) |
Malunga I-fluorine
I-fluorine iyigesi emnyama, enamandla kakhulu futhi ebulalayo. I-fluorine isebenza nganoma yiziphi izinto. Abacwaningi abaningi bahlaselwa noma babulawa bezama ukuyihlukanisa ngaphambi kokuba i-Moissan iphumelele ngo-1886.
Izisebenziso
I-Toothpaste (i-fluoride), i-Teflon (PTFE), ama-refrigerants, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-uranium (UF6), ama-pharmaceuticals, kanye neglasi lokudlidliza.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo
I-fluorine inamandla amakhulu kakhulu futhi ingadala amanzi aqhume futhi yabangela ukufa kwabanye abakhi bamakhemikhali ngaphambi kokuba ihlukaniswe.
Isibonisi
| Inani le-mass | Ubukhulu | Isikhathi esingu-half-life | Iqinile |
| 19 | 1.0% | - | Yebo |
I-electron
[He] 2s2 2p5