Na
Sodium is a highly reactive alkali metal essential for nerve function and found in common table salt.
Physical Properties
| الكتلة الذرية | 22.99 u |
| الكثافة | 0.971 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 370.87 K |
| نقطة الغليان | 1156.0 K |
| المظهر | Silvery-white metallic |
| State at Room Temp | Solid |
الخواص الكيميائية
| السالبية الكهربائية | 0.93 (Pauling) |
| طاقة التأين الأولى | 495.8 kJ/mol |
| القرب الإلكتروني | 52.8 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation States | -1, +1 |
الخصائص الذرية
| تشكيل الإلكترون | [Ne] 3s1 |
| نصف قطر الذرة | 186.0 pm |
| نصف قطر التكافؤ | 166.0 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 227.0 pm |
اكتشاف
| اكتشفها | Humphry Davy |
| سنة الاكتشاف | 1807 |
| الموقع | London, England |
| Named After | English 'soda'; symbol Na from Latin 'natrium' |
عن Sodium
Sodium is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. It is the sixth most abundant element in Earth's crust. Sodium ions are essential for nerve signal transmission and muscle contraction. It was first isolated by Humphry Davy through electrolysis of sodium hydroxide.
Uses & Applications
Table salt (NaCl), street lighting, soap manufacturing, de-icing roads, baking soda, and as a coolant in nuclear reactors.
حقيقة مضحكة
Sodium reacts so violently with water that it can explode, yet the sodium ion is absolutely essential for human life.
النظائر
| Mass Number | الوفرة | نصف العمر | Stable |
| 23 | 1.0% | - | Yes |
تشكيل الإلكترون
[Ne] 3s1