Mg
Magnesium
العنصر 12 · 24.305 u
Magnesium is a lightweight alkaline earth metal essential for hundreds of biochemical reactions.
Physical Properties
| الكتلة الذرية | 24.305 u |
| الكثافة | 1.738 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 923.0 K |
| نقطة الغليان | 1363.0 K |
| المظهر | Shiny gray metallic |
| State at Room Temp | Solid |
الخواص الكيميائية
| السالبية الكهربائية | 1.31 (Pauling) |
| طاقة التأين الأولى | 737.7 kJ/mol |
| القرب الإلكتروني | -40.0 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation States | +1, +2 |
الخصائص الذرية
| تشكيل الإلكترون | [Ne] 3s2 |
| نصف قطر الذرة | 160.0 pm |
| نصف قطر التكافؤ | 141.0 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 173.0 pm |
اكتشاف
| اكتشفها | Joseph Black |
| سنة الاكتشاف | 1755 |
| الموقع | Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Named After | Magnesia, a district in Thessaly, Greece |
عن Magnesium
Magnesium is a shiny gray solid that is strong yet light. It is the eighth most abundant element in Earth's crust. Magnesium is essential for all living cells as a cofactor in ATP-related enzymes. It burns with a brilliant white flame.
Uses & Applications
Lightweight alloys for aircraft and cars, fireworks and flares, antacids, Epsom salts, and chlorophyll in plants.
حقيقة مضحكة
Magnesium burns so brightly it was used as photographic flash powder, and its fire cannot be put out with water.
النظائر
| Mass Number | الوفرة | نصف العمر | Stable |
| 24 | 0.7899% | - | Yes |
| 25 | 0.1% | - | Yes |
| 26 | 0.1101% | - | Yes |
تشكيل الإلكترون
[Ne] 3s2