P
Phosphorus
العنصر 15 · 30.974 u
Phosphorus is essential to life, forming part of DNA, RNA, and ATP.
Physical Properties
| الكتلة الذرية | 30.974 u |
| الكثافة | 1.82 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 317.3 K |
| نقطة الغليان | 553.65 K |
| المظهر | Colorless/red/white waxy solid |
| State at Room Temp | Solid |
الخواص الكيميائية
| السالبية الكهربائية | 2.19 (Pauling) |
| طاقة التأين الأولى | 1011.8 kJ/mol |
| القرب الإلكتروني | 72.0 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation States | -3, -2, -1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 |
الخصائص الذرية
| تشكيل الإلكترون | [Ne] 3s2 3p3 |
| نصف قطر الذرة | 98.0 pm |
| نصف قطر التكافؤ | 107.0 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 180.0 pm |
اكتشاف
| اكتشفها | Hennig Brand |
| سنة الاكتشاف | 1669 |
| الموقع | Hamburg, Germany |
| Named After | Greek 'phosphoros' meaning light-bearing |
عن Phosphorus
Phosphorus exists in several allotropes, the most common being white and red. White phosphorus is highly toxic and pyrophoric, glowing in the dark. Red phosphorus is more stable and less toxic. Phosphorus was the first element discovered by a named individual.
Uses & Applications
Fertilizers (phosphates), matches, detergents, pesticides, steel production, and food additives.
حقيقة مضحكة
Phosphorus was discovered by Hennig Brand in 1669 while boiling over 1,500 gallons of human urine looking for the philosopher's stone.
النظائر
| Mass Number | الوفرة | نصف العمر | Stable |
| 31 | 1.0% | - | Yes |
تشكيل الإلكترون
[Ne] 3s2 3p3