Si
Silicon is a metalloid that forms the backbone of modern electronics and is the second most abundant element in Earth's crust.
Physical Properties
| الكتلة الذرية | 28.085 u |
| الكثافة | 2.3296 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 1687.0 K |
| نقطة الغليان | 3538.0 K |
| المظهر | Crystalline, reflective blue-gray metallic |
| State at Room Temp | Solid |
الخواص الكيميائية
| السالبية الكهربائية | 1.9 (Pauling) |
| طاقة التأين الأولى | 786.5 kJ/mol |
| القرب الإلكتروني | 133.6 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation States | -4, -3, -2, -1, +1, +2, +3, +4 |
الخصائص الذرية
| تشكيل الإلكترون | [Ne] 3s2 3p2 |
| نصف قطر الذرة | 111.0 pm |
| نصف قطر التكافؤ | 111.0 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 210.0 pm |
اكتشاف
| اكتشفها | Jons Jacob Berzelius |
| سنة الاكتشاف | 1824 |
| الموقع | Stockholm, Sweden |
| Named After | Latin 'silex' meaning flint or hard stone |
عن Silicon
Silicon is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-gray metallic luster. It is the second most abundant element in Earth's crust after oxygen. Ultra-pure silicon is essential for semiconductor devices. Silicon plays a role in biology for diatoms and some plants.
Uses & Applications
Semiconductors and computer chips, solar cells, silicone rubber and sealants, glass manufacturing, and concrete.
حقيقة مضحكة
Silicon Valley is named after this element because it is the key material in the semiconductor chips that power the tech industry.
النظائر
| Mass Number | الوفرة | نصف العمر | Stable |
| 28 | 0.92223% | - | Yes |
| 29 | 0.04685% | - | Yes |
| 30 | 0.03092% | - | Yes |
تشكيل الإلكترون
[Ne] 3s2 3p2