C
Carbon is the basis of all known life and forms more compounds than any other element.
Physical Properties
| الكتلة الذرية | 12.011 u |
| الكثافة | 2.267 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 3823.0 K |
| نقطة الغليان | 4098.0 K |
| المظهر | Black (graphite), clear (diamond) |
| State at Room Temp | Solid |
الخواص الكيميائية
| السالبية الكهربائية | 2.55 (Pauling) |
| طاقة التأين الأولى | 1086.5 kJ/mol |
| القرب الإلكتروني | 121.8 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation States | -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 |
الخصائص الذرية
| تشكيل الإلكترون | [He] 2s2 2p2 |
| نصف قطر الذرة | 77.0 pm |
| نصف قطر التكافؤ | 76.0 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 170.0 pm |
اكتشاف
| اكتشفها | Known since antiquity |
| الموقع | Various |
| Named After | Latin 'carbo' meaning coal or charcoal |
عن Carbon
Carbon is a nonmetal that can form four covalent bonds, giving it extraordinary versatility in chemistry. It exists in several allotropes including diamond, graphite, graphene, and fullerenes. Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass. The carbon cycle is fundamental to life on Earth.
Uses & Applications
Steel production, plastics, fuels, carbon fiber composites, diamonds for cutting tools, activated charcoal, and graphite for pencils.
حقيقة مضحكة
Carbon forms nearly 10 million known compounds -- more than all other elements combined.
النظائر
| Mass Number | الوفرة | نصف العمر | Stable |
| 12 | 0.9893% | - | Yes |
| 13 | 0.0107% | - | Yes |
| 14 | - | 5730 years | No |
تشكيل الإلكترون
[He] 2s2 2p2