B
Boron is a metalloid essential for plant growth and used in many industrial applications.
Physical Properties
| الكتلة الذرية | 10.81 u |
| الكثافة | 2.34 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 2349.0 K |
| نقطة الغليان | 4200.0 K |
| المظهر | Black-brown crystalline solid |
| State at Room Temp | Solid |
الخواص الكيميائية
| السالبية الكهربائية | 2.04 (Pauling) |
| طاقة التأين الأولى | 800.6 kJ/mol |
| القرب الإلكتروني | 26.7 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation States | +1, +2, +3 |
الخصائص الذرية
| تشكيل الإلكترون | [He] 2s2 2p1 |
| نصف قطر الذرة | 87.0 pm |
| نصف قطر التكافؤ | 84.0 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 192.0 pm |
اكتشاف
| اكتشفها | Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, Louis Jacques Thenard |
| سنة الاكتشاف | 1808 |
| الموقع | Paris, France |
| Named After | Arabic 'buraq' or Persian 'burah' meaning borax |
عن Boron
Boron is a metalloid that exists in many polymorphs, with the most common being amorphous brown powder and black crystalline forms. It is an essential micronutrient for plants but toxic in excess. Boron compounds have been known for thousands of years. Pure boron was first produced in 1808.
Uses & Applications
Borosilicate glass (Pyrex), fiberglass insulation, laundry bleach (borax), semiconductor dopant, and neutron absorber in nuclear reactors.
حقيقة مضحكة
Boron nitride can form a structure nearly as hard as diamond and is sometimes called 'white graphene'.
النظائر
| Mass Number | الوفرة | نصف العمر | Stable |
| 10 | 0.199% | - | Yes |
| 11 | 0.801% | - | Yes |
تشكيل الإلكترون
[He] 2s2 2p1