Ge
Germanium is a metalloid semiconductor predicted by Mendeleev and used in early transistors.
Fisiese eienskappe
| Atomic Mass | 72.63 u |
| Density | 5.323 g/cm³ |
| Smelt punt: | 1211.4 K |
| Boiling Point | 3106.0 K |
| Appearance | Grayish-white metallic |
| Toestand by kamerkomp | Solied |
Chemical Properties
| Electronegativity | 2.01 (TrinidadCity name (optional, probably does not need a translation)) |
| 1st Ionization Energy | 762.0 kJ/mol |
| Electron Affinity | 119.0 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation States | -4, +1, +2, +3, +4 |
Atomic Properties
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 |
| Atomic Radius | 122.0 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 120.0 pm |
| Atomic radius: | 211.0 pm |
Discovery
| Discovered By | Clemens Winkler |
| Discovery Year | 1886 |
| Location | Freiberg, Germany |
| Genoemde Na | Latin 'Germania' meaning Germany |
About Germanium
Germanium is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid predicted by Mendeleev as 'eka-silicon.' It was the semiconductor in the first transistors and is transparent to infrared radiation.
Gebruiks & Programme
Fiber optic systems, infrared optics, polymerization catalysts, solar cells, and semiconductors.
Fun Fact
Germanium was predicted by Mendeleev 15 years before its discovery, with remarkably accurate predictions of its properties.
Isotopes
| Definieer Molekulêr Gewigte | Abundance | Half-Life | Stabiel |
| 70 | 0.2038% | - | Ja |
| 72 | 0.2731% | - | Ja |
| 73 | 0.0776% | - | Ja |
| 74 | 0.3672% | - | Ja |
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2