Ge
Germanium is a metalloid semiconductor predicted by Mendeleev and used in early transistors.
Physical Properties
| পদাৰ্থ | 72.63 u |
| ঘনত্ব | 5.323 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 1211.4 K |
| উত্তাপৰ বিন্দু | 3106.0 K |
| আকৃতি | Grayish-white metallic |
| State at Room Temp | Solid |
রাসায়নিক বৈশিষ্ট্যসমূহ
| ইলেকট্ৰোনেজেটিভিটি | 2.01 (Pauling) |
| 1- তম আইনাইজেশন শক্তি | 762.0 kJ/mol |
| ইলেকট্ৰন | 119.0 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation States | -4, +1, +2, +3, +4 |
প্ৰমাণপত্ৰৰ বৈশিষ্ট্য
| ইলেকট্ৰন | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 |
| পৰমাণু | 122.0 pm |
| কোভালেন্ট বেৰিয়াড | 120.0 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 211.0 pm |
ডিস্কভাৰী
| আবিষ্কাৰ কৰা হৈছে | Clemens Winkler |
| আবিষ্কাৰৰ বছৰ | 1886 |
| অৱস্থান | Freiberg, Germany |
| Named After | Latin 'Germania' meaning Germany |
বিষয়ে Germanium
Germanium is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid predicted by Mendeleev as 'eka-silicon.' It was the semiconductor in the first transistors and is transparent to infrared radiation.
Uses & Applications
Fiber optic systems, infrared optics, polymerization catalysts, solar cells, and semiconductors.
মজা কথা
Germanium was predicted by Mendeleev 15 years before its discovery, with remarkably accurate predictions of its properties.
আইসোটোপ
| Mass Number | অভাৱ | হাফ-লাইফ | Stable |
| 70 | 0.2038% | - | Yes |
| 72 | 0.2731% | - | Yes |
| 73 | 0.0776% | - | Yes |
| 74 | 0.3672% | - | Yes |
ইলেকট্ৰন
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2