Ge
Germanium
Chikamu 32 · 72.63 u
Germanium inonziwo semiconductor yakataurwa naMendeleev uye yakashandiswa mukutanga kwetransistors.
Maitiro ekushandisa
| Atomic radius: | 72.63 u |
| Kuomarara | 5.323 g/cm³ |
| Kutonhora Point | 1211.4 K |
| Kutonhora Point | 3106.0 K |
| Kuoneka | Greyish-white metallic |
| State at Room Temp | _Kukanganisa: |
Chemical zvinhu
| Electronegativity | 2.01 (Pauling) |
| 1st Ionization Energy | 762.0 kJ/mol |
| Electronegativity: | 119.0 kJ/mol |
| Oxygen | -4, +1, +2, +3, +4 |
Atomic Properties
| Kuisa Kugadzirisa | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 |
| Atomic radius: | 122.0 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 120.0 pm |
| Van der Waals radius | 211.0 pm |
Discovery
| Yakawanikwa ne | Clemens Winkler |
| Kuonekwa kwegore | 1886 |
| _Panzvimbo: | Freiberg, Germany |
| Akapihwa zita mushure me | Latin 'Germania' zvinoreva Germany |
Nezve Germanium
Germanium ndiro lustery, zvakaoma, grayish-white metalloid yakavakirwa na Mendeleev se 'eka-silicon.'It aiva semiconductor mukutanga transistors uye inoratidzika ku infrared radiation.
Mashandisiro & Maapplication
Fiber optic systems, infrared optics, polymerization catalysts, solar cells, uye semiconductors.
Nhoroondo yemitambo
Germanium yakafungidzirwa naMendeleev 15 makore apfuura mushure mekuwanikwa kwayo, nechokwadi chekufungidzira kwezvinhu zvayo.
Isotopes
| Mamwe marudzi ezvinyorwa | Kuwanda | Half-Life | _Kuchengeta |
| 70 | 0.2038% | - | _Ndiani |
| 72 | 0.2731% | - | _Ndiani |
| 73 | 0.0776% | - | _Ndiani |
| 74 | 0.3672% | - | _Ndiani |
Kuisa Kugadzirisa
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2