Al
Aluminum
العنصر 13 · 26.982 u
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in Earth's crust and one of the most widely used metals.
Physical Properties
| الكتلة الذرية | 26.982 u |
| الكثافة | 2.698 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 933.47 K |
| نقطة الغليان | 2792.0 K |
| المظهر | Silvery-white, soft metallic |
| State at Room Temp | Solid |
الخواص الكيميائية
| السالبية الكهربائية | 1.61 (Pauling) |
| طاقة التأين الأولى | 577.5 kJ/mol |
| القرب الإلكتروني | 41.8 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation States | +1, +3 |
الخصائص الذرية
| تشكيل الإلكترون | [Ne] 3s2 3p1 |
| نصف قطر الذرة | 143.0 pm |
| نصف قطر التكافؤ | 121.0 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 184.0 pm |
اكتشاف
| اكتشفها | Hans Christian Oersted |
| سنة الاكتشاف | 1825 |
| الموقع | Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Named After | Latin 'alumen' meaning alum |
عن Aluminum
Aluminum is a silvery-white, lightweight, ductile metal. It comprises about 8% of Earth's crust by mass. Before the Hall-Heroult process, aluminum was more precious than gold. The process made aluminum affordable and launched the modern aluminum industry.
Uses & Applications
Beverage cans, aircraft construction, window frames, kitchen foil, electrical transmission lines, and vehicle parts.
حقيقة مضحكة
Before 1886, aluminum was more expensive than gold. Napoleon III served honored guests with aluminum cutlery while lesser guests used gold.
النظائر
| Mass Number | الوفرة | نصف العمر | Stable |
| 27 | 1.0% | - | Yes |
تشكيل الإلكترون
[Ne] 3s2 3p1