Hf
Hafnium is a corrosion-resistant metal used in nuclear reactor control rods.
Physical Properties
| পদাৰ্থ | 178.49 u |
| ঘনত্ব | 13.31 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 2506.0 K |
| উত্তাপৰ বিন্দু | 4876.0 K |
| আকৃতি | Steel gray metallic |
| State at Room Temp | Solid |
রাসায়নিক বৈশিষ্ট্যসমূহ
| ইলেকট্ৰোনেজেটিভিটি | 1.3 (Pauling) |
| 1- তম আইনাইজেশন শক্তি | 658.5 kJ/mol |
| ইলেকট্ৰন | 17.18 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation States | +2, +3, +4 |
প্ৰমাণপত্ৰৰ বৈশিষ্ট্য
| ইলেকট্ৰন | [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2 |
| পৰমাণু | 159.0 pm |
| কোভালেন্ট বেৰিয়াড | 175.0 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 212.0 pm |
ডিস্কভাৰী
| আবিষ্কাৰ কৰা হৈছে | Dirk Coster, George de Hevesy |
| আবিষ্কাৰৰ বছৰ | 1923 |
| অৱস্থান | Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Named After | Latin 'Hafnia' meaning Copenhagen |
বিষয়ে Hafnium
Hafnium is a lustrous, silvery gray metal chemically similar to zirconium. It is an excellent neutron absorber, in contrast to zirconium. Separating the two is critical for nuclear applications.
Uses & Applications
Nuclear reactor control rods, superalloys, microprocessor gate insulators (hafnium oxide), and plasma cutting tips.
মজা কথা
Hafnium and zirconium are so chemically similar they were not separated until 1923, yet their nuclear properties are opposite.
আইসোটোপ
| Mass Number | অভাৱ | হাফ-লাইফ | Stable |
| 177 | 0.186% | - | Yes |
| 178 | 0.2728% | - | Yes |
| 179 | 0.1362% | - | Yes |
| 180 | 0.3508% | - | Yes |
ইলেকট্ৰন
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2