Hf
Hafnium
Izinto 72 · 178.49 u
I-Hafnium yintsimbi emelana nokutshaya esetyenziswa kwiintonga zolawulo lwereactor ye-nuclear.
Iimpawu Zobuchopho
| Ii-atom | 178.49 u |
| Uxinano | 13.31 g/cm³ |
| Incopho yokubila: | 2506.0 K |
| Incopho yokubila: | 4876.0 K |
| Ukubonakala | Steel grey metallic |
| I-State at Room Temp | I-Solid |
Iimpawu zekhemikhali
| Electronegativity | 1.3 (I-Polygon) |
| I-Ionization Energy | 658.5 kJ/mol |
| Electronegativity: | 17.18 kJ/mol |
| Iindawo zokuthambisa | +2, +3, +4 |
Iimpahla zephetshana elichazayo:
| Uqwalaselo lwe Electron | [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2 |
| Atomic radius: | 159.0 pm |
| I-Covalent Radius | 175.0 pm |
| I-Van der Waals Radius | 212.0 pm |
Ukufumana kwakhona
| Ifunyenwe Ngu | Dirk Coster, George de Hevesy |
| Unyaka Wophando | 1923 |
| Indawo | Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Igama Elilandelayo | I-Latin 'Hafnia' ethetha ukuba i-Copenhagen |
I-About Hafnium
I-Hafnium yintsimbi ekhanyayo, engwevu emhlophe efana ne-zirconium. Ilungele ukuthambisa i-neutron, ngokuchasene ne-zirconium. Ukuhlukanisa ezimbini kubaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo ye-nuclear.
Iinkqubo
Iintambo zolawulo lwereactor yenuclear, i-superalloys, izikhuseli zesango lenkqubo encinci (i-hafnium oxide), kunye neengcambu zokutywina iplasma.
Inyathelo 1:
I-Hafnium ne-zirconium zifana kakhulu ngekhemikhali ukuba azihlukaniswanga de kube ngo-1923, kodwa iimpawu zabo ze-nuclear ziphikisana.
I-Isotopes
| Inani le-Mass | Uninzi | Ixesha eliphakathi | Iqinile |
| 177 | 0.186% | - | Ewe |
| 178 | 0.2728% | - | Ewe |
| 179 | 0.1362% | - | Ewe |
| 180 | 0.3508% | - | Ewe |
Uqwalaselo lwe Electron
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2