Hf
Hafnium
Chikamu 72 · 178.49 u
Hafnium isimbi inodzivirira kusvibiswa iyo inoshandiswa mumagetsi emagetsi emagetsi.
Maitiro ekushandisa
| Atomic radius: | 178.49 u |
| Kuomarara | 13.31 g/cm³ |
| Kutonhora Point | 2506.0 K |
| Kutonhora Point | 4876.0 K |
| Kuoneka | Steel gray methane |
| State at Room Temp | _Kukanganisa: |
Chemical zvinhu
| Electronegativity | 1.3 (Pauling) |
| 1st Ionization Energy | 658.5 kJ/mol |
| Electronegativity: | 17.18 kJ/mol |
| Oxygen | +2, +3, +4 |
Atomic Properties
| Kuisa Kugadzirisa | [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2 |
| Atomic radius: | 159.0 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 175.0 pm |
| Van der Waals radius | 212.0 pm |
Discovery
| Yakawanikwa ne | Dirk Coster, George de Hevesy |
| Kuonekwa kwegore | 1923 |
| _Panzvimbo: | Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Akapihwa zita mushure me | Latin 'Hafnia' zvinoreva Copenhagen |
Nezve Hafnium
Hafnium ndiro lustery, silvery gray metal chemically zvakafanana ne zirconium.Ini ndiri mutsvakurudzi, uye ndinoda kudzidza zvakawanda nezve zirconium.Hafnium icho chimiro chikuru chezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.
Mashandisiro & Maapplication
Nuclear reactor kudzora matanda, superalloys, microprocessor gate insulators (hafnium oxide), uye plasma cutting tips.
Nhoroondo yemitambo
Hafnium nezirconium zvakafanana kemikari, asi zvakasiyana-siyana muzvinhu zvavo zvenuclear.
Isotopes
| Mamwe marudzi ezvinyorwa | Kuwanda | Half-Life | _Kuchengeta |
| 177 | 0.186% | - | _Ndiani |
| 178 | 0.2728% | - | _Ndiani |
| 179 | 0.1362% | - | _Ndiani |
| 180 | 0.3508% | - | _Ndiani |
Kuisa Kugadzirisa
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2