Hf
I-Hafnium
Ingxenye 72 · 178.49 u
I-Hafnium iyinsimbi emelana nokushisa esetshenziswa ezinyangeni zokulawula i-nuclear reactor.
Izici Zobuchopho
| I-Atom Mass | 178.49 u |
| Ubukhulu | 13.31 g/cm³ |
| Izinga lokuncibilika | 2506.0 K |
| Izinga lokubopha | 4876.0 K |
| Ukubonakala | Isibhakabhaka esimnyama |
| Isimo ku-Room Temp | Iqinile |
Izici ze-chemical
| Electronegativity | 1.3 (I-Pauling) |
| I-Ionization Energy | 658.5 kJ/mol |
| I-electron affinity | 17.18 kJ/mol |
| I-Oxidation States | +2, +3, +4 |
Izici ze-Atom
| I-electron | [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2 |
| I-Atom Radius | 159.0 pm |
| I-Covalent Radius | 175.0 pm |
| I-Van der Waals Radius | 212.0 pm |
Ukuqapha
| Itholakele ngu | Dirk Coster, George de Hevesy |
| Unyaka wokuqamba | 1923 |
| Indawo | i-Copenhagen, i-Denmark |
| Ibizwa nge | isi-Latin 'Hafnia' isho Copenhagen |
Malunga I-Hafnium
I-Hafnium iyinsimbi ekhanyayo, emnyama emnyama efana ne-zirconium. I-neutron absorber enhle, ehlukile ku-zirconium. Ukuhlukanisa okubini kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenziseni kwe-nuclear.
Izisebenziso
Izintambo zokuphatha izimoto ze-nuclear, ama-superalloys, ama-microprocessor gate insulators (hafnium oxide), nama-plasma cutting tips.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo
I-Hafnium ne-zirconium zifana kakhulu ngokudla kwazo, ngakho-ke azihlukaniswanga kuze kube ngu-1923, kodwa izakhiwo zabo ze-nuclear ziphikisana.
Isibonisi
| Inani le-mass | Ubukhulu | Isikhathi esingu-half-life | Iqinile |
| 177 | 0.186% | - | Yebo |
| 178 | 0.2728% | - | Yebo |
| 179 | 0.1362% | - | Yebo |
| 180 | 0.3508% | - | Yebo |
I-electron
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2