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Beryllium
العنصر 4 · 9.0122 u
Beryllium is a lightweight, strong, and toxic alkaline earth metal.
Physical Properties
| الكتلة الذرية | 9.0122 u |
| الكثافة | 1.85 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 1560.0 K |
| نقطة الغليان | 2742.0 K |
| المظهر | White-gray metallic |
| State at Room Temp | Solid |
الخواص الكيميائية
| السالبية الكهربائية | 1.57 (Pauling) |
| طاقة التأين الأولى | 899.5 kJ/mol |
| القرب الإلكتروني | -48.0 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation States | +1, +2 |
الخصائص الذرية
| تشكيل الإلكترون | [He] 2s2 |
| نصف قطر الذرة | 112.0 pm |
| نصف قطر التكافؤ | 96.0 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 153.0 pm |
اكتشاف
| اكتشفها | Louis Nicolas Vauquelin |
| سنة الاكتشاف | 1798 |
| الموقع | Paris, France |
| Named After | Greek 'beryllos' meaning beryl mineral |
عن Beryllium
Beryllium is a relatively rare element occurring as a product of the spallation of larger nuclei. It is a hard, steel-gray metal that is remarkably stiff and lightweight. Beryllium is transparent to X-rays and is used in X-ray windows. Its compounds are toxic and can cause berylliosis.
Uses & Applications
Aerospace materials, X-ray windows, nuclear reactors, springs, and non-sparking tools for use around flammable gases.
حقيقة مضحكة
Beryllium is transparent to X-rays, making it ideal for X-ray tube windows, and it was originally called 'glucinium' because its compounds taste sweet (though they are toxic).
النظائر
| Mass Number | الوفرة | نصف العمر | Stable |
| 7 | - | 53.22 days | No |
| 9 | 1.0% | - | Yes |
| 10 | - | 1.39 million years | No |
تشكيل الإلكترون
[He] 2s2