K
Potassium is an essential alkali metal vital for nerve and muscle function.
Physical Properties
| الكتلة الذرية | 39.098 u |
| الكثافة | 0.862 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 336.53 K |
| نقطة الغليان | 1032.0 K |
| المظهر | Silvery-white metallic |
| State at Room Temp | Solid |
الخواص الكيميائية
| السالبية الكهربائية | 0.82 (Pauling) |
| طاقة التأين الأولى | 418.8 kJ/mol |
| القرب الإلكتروني | 48.4 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation States | +1 |
الخصائص الذرية
| تشكيل الإلكترون | [Ar] 4s1 |
| نصف قطر الذرة | 227.0 pm |
| نصف قطر التكافؤ | 203.0 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 275.0 pm |
اكتشاف
| اكتشفها | Humphry Davy |
| سنة الاكتشاف | 1807 |
| الموقع | London, England |
| Named After | English 'potash'; symbol K from Latin 'kalium' |
عن Potassium
Potassium is a soft, silvery-white metal that reacts vigorously with water. It is essential for all living cells, playing a critical role in nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and fluid balance. It was the first metal isolated by electrolysis.
Uses & Applications
Fertilizers (potash), soap, gunpowder, glass manufacturing, food preservation, and medical IV fluids.
حقيقة مضحكة
Bananas are famously associated with potassium, but avocados and spinach actually contain more per serving.
النظائر
| Mass Number | الوفرة | نصف العمر | Stable |
| 39 | 0.932581% | - | Yes |
| 40 | 0.000117% | 1.248 billion years | No |
| 41 | 0.067302% | - | Yes |
تشكيل الإلكترون
[Ar] 4s1