H
Hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe, making up about 75% of all normal matter by mass.
Physical Properties
| الكتلة الذرية | 1.008 u |
| الكثافة | 0.00008988 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 14.01 K |
| نقطة الغليان | 20.28 K |
| المظهر | Colorless gas |
| State at Room Temp | Gas |
الخواص الكيميائية
| السالبية الكهربائية | 2.2 (Pauling) |
| طاقة التأين الأولى | 1312.0 kJ/mol |
| القرب الإلكتروني | 72.8 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation States | -1, +1 |
الخصائص الذرية
| تشكيل الإلكترون | 1s1 |
| نصف قطر الذرة | 25.0 pm |
| نصف قطر التكافؤ | 31.0 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 120.0 pm |
اكتشاف
| اكتشفها | Henry Cavendish |
| سنة الاكتشاف | 1766 |
| الموقع | London, England |
| Named After | Greek 'hydro' and 'genes' meaning water-forming |
عن Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and highly flammable gas. It is the simplest element with just one proton and one electron. Stars like our Sun are primarily powered by hydrogen fusion reactions. On Earth, hydrogen is mostly found combined with oxygen in water.
Uses & Applications
Rocket fuel, petroleum refining, ammonia production, fuel cells, welding, and as a potential clean energy carrier.
حقيقة مضحكة
Hydrogen is the only element whose isotopes have individual names: protium, deuterium, and tritium.
النظائر
| Mass Number | الوفرة | نصف العمر | Stable |
| 1 | 0.999885% | - | Yes |
| 2 | 0.000115% | - | Yes |
| 3 | - | 12.32 years | No |
تشكيل الإلكترون
1s1