Th
I-thorium
Ingxenye 90 · 232.038 u
I-thorium iyi-radioactive actinide ephuthumayo ephuthumayo ephuthumayo.
Izici Zobuchopho
| I-Atom Mass | 232.038 u |
| Ubukhulu | 11.72 g/cm³ |
| Izinga lokuncibilika | 2115.0 K |
| Izinga lokubopha | 5061.0 K |
| Ukubonakala | Isibhakabhaka, njalo nge-tarnish emnyama |
| Isimo ku-Room Temp | Iqinile |
Izici ze-chemical
| Electronegativity | 1.3 (I-Pauling) |
| I-Ionization Energy | 587.0 kJ/mol |
| I-electron affinity | 112.72 kJ/mol |
| I-Oxidation States | +2, +3, +4 |
Izici ze-Atom
| I-electron | [Rn] 6d2 7s2 |
| I-Atom Radius | 180.0 pm |
| I-Van der Waals Radius | 237.0 pm |
Ukuqapha
| Itholakele ngu | Jons Jacob Berzelius |
| Unyaka wokuqamba | 1829 |
| Indawo | i-Stockholm, i-Sweden |
| Ibizwa nge | Thor, uThixo waseNorse wethuthuthu |
Malunga I-thorium
I-thorium inamandla amakhulu kunayo yonke i-uranium. I-thorium reactors ikhiqiza ukungcola okuncane okuqhubekayo futhi ayikwazi ukukhishwa. Ama-gas mantles asetshenziswa ezindaweni zokuzijabulisa akhiwa nge-thorium oxide.
Izisebenziso
Igesi ye-nuclear, ama-lanterns egesi, ama-ceramics aphezulu, ama-electrodes wokucindezela, kanye nama-alloys e-aerospace.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo
Ama-reactors e-thorium angaphuzi futhi akhiqize izidakamizwa ezingozini iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu.
Isibonisi
| Inani le-mass | Ubukhulu | Isikhathi esingu-half-life | Iqinile |
| 228 | - | 1.9116 years | Akukho |
| 230 | - | 75,380 years | Akukho |
| 232 | 1.0% | 14.05 billion years | Akukho |
I-electron
[Rn] 6d2 7s2