Th
Thorium
Chikamu 90 · 232.038 u
Thorium inonziwo radioactive actinide iyo iri kuongororwa seyakajairika fuel yenyukireya.
Maitiro ekushandisa
| Atomic radius: | 232.038 u |
| Kuomarara | 11.72 g/cm³ |
| Kutonhora Point | 2115.0 K |
| Kutonhora Point | 5061.0 K |
| Kuoneka | Silvery, kazhinji ne black tarnish |
| State at Room Temp | _Kukanganisa: |
Chemical zvinhu
| Electronegativity | 1.3 (Pauling) |
| 1st Ionization Energy | 587.0 kJ/mol |
| Electronegativity: | 112.72 kJ/mol |
| Oxygen | +2, +3, +4 |
Atomic Properties
| Kuisa Kugadzirisa | [Rn] 6d2 7s2 |
| Atomic radius: | 180.0 pm |
| Van der Waals radius | 237.0 pm |
Discovery
| Yakawanikwa ne | Jons Jacob Berzelius |
| Kuonekwa kwegore | 1829 |
| _Panzvimbo: | Stockholm, Sweden |
| Akapihwa zita mushure me | Thor, Norse Mwari wemvura yemvura |
Nezve Thorium
Thorium iri katatu zvakawandisa kupfuura uranium. Thorium reactors kugadzirwa zvishoma refu-hupenyu zvikanganiso uye anogona kutonhora pasi. Gas mantles for camping mabhegi aive zvakanyorwa nethorium oxide.
Mashandisiro & Maapplication
Potential nuclear fuel, gas lantern mantles, high-temperature ceramics, welding electrodes, uye aerospace alloys.
Nhoroondo yemitambo
Thorium reactors anogona kutonhora pasi uye kugadzirwa zvicherwa zvinokuvadza kwemakore mazhinji kupfuura mamirioni emakore.
Isotopes
| Mamwe marudzi ezvinyorwa | Kuwanda | Half-Life | _Kuchengeta |
| 228 | - | 1.9116 years | Hapana |
| 230 | - | 75,380 years | Hapana |
| 232 | 1.0% | 14.05 billion years | Hapana |
Kuisa Kugadzirisa
[Rn] 6d2 7s2