Li
Lithium is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element.
Physical Properties
| الكتلة الذرية | 6.94 u |
| الكثافة | 0.534 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 453.69 K |
| نقطة الغليان | 1615.0 K |
| المظهر | Silvery-white metal |
| State at Room Temp | Solid |
الخواص الكيميائية
| السالبية الكهربائية | 0.98 (Pauling) |
| طاقة التأين الأولى | 520.2 kJ/mol |
| القرب الإلكتروني | 59.6 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation States | +1 |
الخصائص الذرية
| تشكيل الإلكترون | [He] 2s1 |
| نصف قطر الذرة | 152.0 pm |
| نصف قطر التكافؤ | 128.0 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 182.0 pm |
اكتشاف
| اكتشفها | Johan August Arfwedson |
| سنة الاكتشاف | 1817 |
| الموقع | Stockholm, Sweden |
| Named After | Greek 'lithos' meaning stone |
عن Lithium
Lithium is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal that is so light it floats on water. It has the highest specific heat capacity of any solid element and is highly reactive. Lithium was discovered in the mineral petalite and does not occur freely in nature. It is widely distributed but always found in compounds.
Uses & Applications
Rechargeable batteries, ceramics, glass, lubricating greases, psychiatric medication for bipolar disorder, and nuclear fusion research.
حقيقة مضحكة
Lithium is so soft it can be cut with a kitchen knife, and so light it floats on water -- though it reacts vigorously with it.
النظائر
| Mass Number | الوفرة | نصف العمر | Stable |
| 6 | 0.0759% | - | Yes |
| 7 | 0.9241% | - | Yes |
تشكيل الإلكترون
[He] 2s1