Hg
Mercury
العنصر 80 · 200.59 u
Mercury is the only metallic element liquid at standard temperature and pressure.
Physical Properties
| الكتلة الذرية | 200.59 u |
| الكثافة | 13.5336 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 234.32 K |
| نقطة الغليان | 629.88 K |
| المظهر | Silvery metallic liquid |
| State at Room Temp | Liquid |
الخواص الكيميائية
| السالبية الكهربائية | 2.0 (Pauling) |
| طاقة التأين الأولى | 1007.1 kJ/mol |
| القرب الإلكتروني | -48.0 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation States | +1, +2 |
الخصائص الذرية
| تشكيل الإلكترون | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 |
| نصف قطر الذرة | 151.0 pm |
| نصف قطر التكافؤ | 132.0 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 155.0 pm |
اكتشاف
| اكتشفها | Known since antiquity |
| الموقع | Various (ancient Egypt, China) |
| Named After | Named after the planet Mercury; symbol Hg from Latin 'hydrargyrum' meaning liquid silver |
عن Mercury
Mercury is a heavy, silvery-white liquid metal known since ancient times. Mercury and its compounds are highly toxic, causing neurological damage. Dental amalgam containing mercury was once common but has been largely phased out due to health and environmental concerns.
Uses & Applications
Fluorescent lighting, scientific instruments (being phased out), artisanal gold mining, and industrial chemical processes.
حقيقة مضحكة
Mercury is so dense that a cannonball would float on its surface.
النظائر
| Mass Number | الوفرة | نصف العمر | Stable |
| 198 | 0.0997% | - | Yes |
| 199 | 0.1687% | - | Yes |
| 200 | 0.231% | - | Yes |
| 202 | 0.2986% | - | Yes |
تشكيل الإلكترون
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2