V
Vanadium is a hard, silvery-gray transition metal used to strengthen steel alloys.
Physical Properties
| الكتلة الذرية | 50.942 u |
| الكثافة | 6.11 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 2183.0 K |
| نقطة الغليان | 3680.0 K |
| المظهر | Blue-silver-gray metallic |
| State at Room Temp | Solid |
الخواص الكيميائية
| السالبية الكهربائية | 1.63 (Pauling) |
| طاقة التأين الأولى | 650.9 kJ/mol |
| القرب الإلكتروني | 50.6 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation States | +2, +3, +4, +5 |
الخصائص الذرية
| تشكيل الإلكترون | [Ar] 3d3 4s2 |
| نصف قطر الذرة | 134.0 pm |
| نصف قطر التكافؤ | 153.0 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 179.0 pm |
اكتشاف
| اكتشفها | Andres Manuel del Rio, Nils Gabriel Sefstrom |
| سنة الاكتشاف | 1801 |
| الموقع | Mexico City, Mexico |
| Named After | Vanadis, the Scandinavian goddess of beauty and fertility |
عن Vanadium
Vanadium is a hard, silvery-gray, ductile transition metal rarely found free in nature. About 80% of vanadium is used in ferrovanadium steel alloys. It was discovered twice -- first in 1801 by del Rio, then rediscovered in 1831.
Uses & Applications
Steel alloys, vanadium redox batteries, titanium-aluminum-vanadium aerospace alloys, and catalysts.
حقيقة مضحكة
Vanadium was discovered, then lost, then rediscovered -- del Rio found it in 1801 but was talked out of his discovery.
النظائر
| Mass Number | الوفرة | نصف العمر | Stable |
| 50 | 0.0025% | - | Yes |
| 51 | 0.9975% | - | Yes |
تشكيل الإلكترون
[Ar] 3d3 4s2